How to Get Rid of Peeling Skin: The Flaky Side of Retinoids

While the side effects of retinoids, from retinol to Tretinoin, may be off-putting for some potential users, purging and peeling are common for retinoid users and are just one of the possible journeys to achieving clearer and brighter skin. So-called “Tretinoin peeling” is a nuisance and can be an annoying issue to deal with, but knowing the causes and remedies for peeling skin can provide more insight and reassurance to those who are just starting to use retinoids. 

DOES TRETINOIN MAKE YOUR SKIN PEEL?

As noted before, a side effect of retinoid use is peeling skin. Retinoids, like the Tretinoin present in derm-grade retinoids, eventually result in improved skin, but skin purging and peeling is completely normal and temporary. The use of retinoids speeds up the skin turnover cycle, which you can read more about in our purging post. Within the first few weeks of retinoid use, one will notice that their skin may appear dry and irritated. This is a result of the increased skin cell turnover rate and your skin adjusting to the retinoid. Though you may be concerned about dry, red, and flakey skin, it is all part of the retinoid process.

OTHER CAUSES OF PEELING SKIN

The outermost layer of our skin (the epidermis) serves as a protective barrier and when this barrier is compromised, you may not be dealing with Tretinoin peeling - other types of peeling are common. Environmental factors, underlying medical conditions, and poor skincare practices can contribute to the shedding of skin layers. It’s important to understand the various causes of peeling skin in order to prevent and treat it properly. Here are some of the main causes.

SUNBURN

One of the causes for peeling skin, and one that many of us have experienced, is a result of sunburns. As warmer weather approaches, it may be tempting to lay out in the sun. However, without the proper preventive barriers, your skin reacts to the sun’s UV rays in the form of radiation burns or sunburns. There are several factors that contribute to sunburns, including the amount of time one is exposed to the sun, the time of day, the intensity of the UV rays, type of skin, and the use of any topical or internal medication. Sunburns not only cause the peeling and irritation of skin, but frequent sunburns generally increase the risk of getting skin cancer as well.

DRY SKIN

Another cause for peeling skin is generally dry skin. Some people may experience dry skin regardless of the season, whether it be summer or winter, or the weather, whether it be hot or cold. Dry skin is a result of a reduction of oil-producing glands on the face. Without enough oil-producing glands, it is hard for the skin to retain moisture. Dry skin is easily irritable and itchy and is noticeably flakey. 

DEHYDRATED SKIN

It is important to note the difference between dry skin and dehydrated skin. Dehydrated skin is a result of not a lack of oil, but a lack of water. Therefore, you can still have oily skin and dehydrated skin. A simple test you can use to determine if you have dehydrated skin is to pinch the skin on your cheeks. If it remains wrinkled after release from the pinch, your skin is dehydrated and needs hydration. Dehydrated skin may feel very tight and look red and inflamed, signaling that you are in need of water. Hydration for the skin can be as simple as just drinking more water, but adding serums to your daily skincare routine underneath moisturizer and adding an oil on top of your moisturizer can help as well. 

HOW TO PREVENT SUNBURN PEELING

Methods for preventing sunburns may be obvious, but general tips and reminders are always good. The first is to always use sunscreen. Whether you can see the sun shining outside or not, using sunscreen in the daytime will help protect your skin from those harmful UV rays. Vitamin D is good for your body and skin, but taking precautions when it comes to sun exposure is important to maintain the integrity of the skin. There are other factors to take into consideration when attempting to avoid sunburns as mentioned before, including paying attention to the time of day when sun exposure would be the most detrimental, as well as being mindful of the topical and internal medication you may be on. Certain medications may make your skin more sensitive to sun exposure and make your skin more prone to sunburns. 

WHY RETINOIDS CAUSE YOUR SKIN TO PEEL

Topical retinoids, such as Tretinoin, speed up the skin cell turnover cycle, ridding the old layer of skin faster than usual. This causes your skin to become dry and flakey, as your skin purges and peels to become accustomed to the retinoid. This is why retinoid or Tretinoin peeling occurs.Purging and peeling is normal when first using a retinoid and can even be an indication that the product is working. 

Topical retinoids can also irritate skin and lead to peeling and redness. As your skin goes through an adjustment period, these side effects should diminish. 

HOW LONG DOES TRETINOIN PEELING LAST?

The side effects of retinoids typically last around a month to a month and a half. This range of 4-6 weeks varies from person to person as the skin accustoms itself to the new product. 

If you’re experiencing peeling that lasts longer than this period, please reach out to your provider. Your skin may not be reacting well to the product and you might have to stop using it.

HOW TO TREAT TRETINOIN PEELING

Treating Tretinoin-induced peeling requires a thoughtful and gentle approach to alleviate discomfort and support skin recovery. Things like adjusting the frequency of use, hydrating, moisturizing, and protecting skin from the sun are key to treating Tretinoin peeling.

MOISTURIZE AND HYDRATE SKIN 

While using retinoids like Tretinoin, it is important to keep your skin hydrated and find a good moisturizer to use with Tretinoin. Externally, utilizing a thick emollient over the retinoid will help with peeling skin. Emollients are essentially moisturizers that soothe and soften the skin, treating dry and peeling or flaky skin. We have a derm-tested moisturizer rich with ceramides and hyaluronic acid that is designed to complement retinoid use. You can also try applying a moisturizer before or mixing it with your retinoid. If you’re not sure if you should use retinol before or after moisturizer, check out our blog post. 

USE ONLY A PEA-SIZE AMOUNT

Another thing to make sure is that you’re only using a pea-sized amount as using more doesn’t increase efficacy and only increases your risk of peeling.You may need to adjust the frequency of application, reducing it to every other day or as advised by a dermatologist.

STAY HYDRATED

Internally, remaining hydrated by drinking plenty of water is necessary. Tretinoin, being a potent retinoid, can contribute to skin dryness. As such, sufficient water intake is crucial in maintaining skin hydration from within. Drinking an ample amount of water helps counteract the dehydrating effects of Tretinoin and supports the skin's natural moisture balance.

USE SPF

Tretinoin is known to make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, so even though you may be using the retinoid product at night, you need to remain diligent in using sunscreen every morning to avoid Tretinoin peeling. 

BE PATIENT

Remember that there is a learning curve for your skin when first using retinoids, so remain patient and understand that peeling skin is completely normal and won’t last forever.

TRETINOIN PEELING: WHAT NOT TO DO

It is important to remain gentle with your skincare routine when using retinoids. You’ll even want to be aware of the temperature of the water you use on your face. Hot water can inflame your skin further and strip your skin of oil, making it even dryer. Even though you may want to exfoliate or pick at your peeling skin, this will only continue to irritate and exacerbate the issue. It is best to keep a “hands-off” approach, keeping your hands away from your face and also being mindful of what products are making your skin peel even more. 

It is recommended to avoid using benzoyl peroxide and AHA/BHAs during this learning curve to avoid further peeling and irritation. When your skin has gone through the adjustment period, you can incorporate these products back into your routine. Just make sure you use benzoyl peroxide in the morning and alternate nights with AHA/BHAs.

Peeling skin is making way for, hopefully, clearer, brighter, and smoother skin! It’s a temporary reaction and can be mitigated. Keep at it because consistency is key when using retinoids.

PRODUCT SUGGESTIONS

Night Shift

Retinoids like Tretinoin have several benefits, including protecting the skin from sun damage and brightening damaged skin. Night Shift from Dear Brightly allows you to get a Tretinoin prescription online. It’s formulated with Niacinamide, an anti-inflammatory healing compound that calms redness and prevents moisture loss and dehydration.

Daily Sip

Daily Sip is specially designed to complement retinoids, exfoliators, and skin in harsh, dry environments. Developed with five ceramides and hyaluronic acid, Daily Sip helps effectively strengthen the skin barrier while preparing it to handle treatments like retinoids better, minimizing Tretinoin peeling.

NeverSkip Tinted

As the saying goes, the best treatment is prevention. Starting each day with a full coverage mineral sunscreen for face like NeverSkip Tinted is crucial to avoiding sunburn and sun damage, two things that can cause skin peeling. This tinted sunscreen applies smoothly without a white cast while protecting your skin from UVA and UVB rays.

Can you use vitamin c with retinol?

If you’re wondering if you can use Vitamin C with retinol, the short answer is…

Vitamin C is a delicate active ingredient that can be susceptible to oxidizing, becoming inactive when exposed to different elements. There’s conflicting information on how to use vitamin C with topical vitamin A derivatives like retinol or dermatology-grade retinoids, including online Tretinoin prescriptions.

The truth: You can use vitamin C with retinol and retinoids. Get them as separate products so you can tailor the concentration of each and use them at the right time of day. Although vitamin C can be used day or night, it is ideal for daytime use, while retinol and retinoids should be applied at night.

WHY USE VITAMIN C IN SKINCARE?

Vitamin C is a superstar antioxidant that protects and restores your skin. It’s the most abundant antioxidant in human skin, but we can’t synthesize it on our own. We need to get it from other sources. By adding Vitamin C to your skincare routine, you can boost your skin’s natural cell-protecting abilities.

WHAT DOES VITAMIN C DO FOR YOUR SKIN?

This essential nutrient helps protect the skin from free radical damage caused by environmental stressors like UV radiation and pollution. Incorporating Vitamin C into skincare routines can result in a brighter, more resilient, and rejuvenated skin appearance, making it a go-to ingredient for those seeking a healthy and youthful glow.

ANTIOXIDATIVE

Antioxidants are essential for protecting skin from free radicals, the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays, and air pollution, which lead to premature skin aging.

PHOTOPROTECTIVE

Sunscreen is important for skin health, but it only does part of the job to protect skin from the effects of sunlight. Vitamin C neutralizes free radicals, which sunscreen can’t do, making the combination an ideal pair to protect skin against photoaging.

PROMOTES COLLAGEN PRODUCTION

As we age and our skin is exposed to everyday pollutants, collagen production in the skin drops, leading to sagging skin, wrinkles, and fine lines. Vitamin C prevents premature skin aging by promoting collagen production (learn more on how to restore collagen in the face).. The result is smoother, hydrated-looking skin.

REDUCES HYPERPIGMENTATION

Vitamin C can help with hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the skin’s melanin production. It evens out skin tone, lightens undereye circles, and fades hyperpigmentation from old acne scars.

CAN YOU USE VITAMIN C WITH RETINOL OR DERM-GRADE RETINOIDS?

According to Dr. Sheila Krishna, it’s totally fine to use vitamin C with over-the-counter retinol products or dermatologist-grade retinoids—which, BTW, is the broader term for vitamin A derivatives, including retinol, tretinoin, and adapalene, just to name a few. When choosing between retinol vs retinoid, you don’t need to worry about vitamin C interference.

Vitamin C and retinoids are thought to render each other ineffective because of their differing pHs, but that’s not true. This study indicated that a combined retinol + vitamin C treatment is effective at treating photoaging.
PRO TIP: Though you can use vitamin C with retinol and other retinoids, we recommend getting them separately instead of as a combined product. You can then get the right concentration of each for your skin and adjust as necessary. Plus, the combo can aggravate some skin depending on the formula. But using them at different times of day can prevent that irritation.

WHAT DOES RETINOL DO FOR YOUR SKIN?

Retinol and other retinoids like Tretinoin are skincare powerhouses renowned for their transformative effects on the skin. Widely celebrated for their ability to stimulate collagen production and accelerate cell turnover, retinoids promote a smoother texture, more radiant complexion, and more youthful appearance. 

HOW TO USE VITAMIN C AND RETINOL OR DERM-GRADE RETINOIDS IN YOUR SKINCARE ROUTINE

Though it’s perfectly fine to use vitamin C and retinol or retinoids in your skincare routine, each is better suited to a different time of day. Vitamin C is best used in the morning, while retinoids are better for your nighttime skincare routine.

  1. Morning: Vitamin C, Moisturizer + Sunscreen

    Start your day with vitamin C to provide a shield and prevent damage from the sun’s UV rays that you’ll be exposed to during the day. Sun exposure is one element that generates free radicals in the skin, ultimately contributing to skin aging. In fact, it’s estimated that UV rays are responsible for up to 80% of skin damage. Vitamin C neutralizes free radicals from the sun to protect against photoaging.

    After your cleanser, apply your vitamin C serum to dry skin, followed by your moisturizer and sunscreen (with a minimum SPF of 30).
  1. Nighttime: Retinoid
    Retinoids are better suited to your nighttime routine because they can make your skin more sensitive to UV rays, and sunlight makes them less effective.

    That said, if you’re a nighttime-skincare-routine-only kind of person, there’s no harm in using them both together. The vitamin C will still work to nourish your skin after sun exposure.

    Those with sensitive skin types could experience side effects like dryness or irritation. If you’re new to vitamin C, choose a vitamin C serum with a low concentration to start. Test for skin sensitivity with your new product on a small patch of skin to see how it reacts before slathering it onto your whole face or seeing if you can use the Vitamin C with your retinol or retinoid. A specially formulated moisturizer to use with Tretinoin can help reduce dryness.

HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST VITAMIN C SERUMS

Not all vitamin C serums are created equal. Because vitamin C is so delicate, it’s all the more important to get the right formulation in the right packaging to maintain the stability of the molecule and experience the benefits.

KNOW WHAT PRODUCT FORMULA TO LOOK FOR

If you’re getting L-ascorbic acid, we recommend choosing a formula with a concentration of 15%. It’s the perfect balance of effective and non-irritating. A formula with a concentration lower than 8% won’t have an impact have impact on the skin. A concentration above 20% goes beyond what will be absorbed by your skin and might cause irritation.

If you find that vitamin C causes irritation, try a vitamin C derivative such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ethyl ascorbic acid, or ascorbyl glucosamine. Your skin will have to convert it into L-ascorbic acid, so it’s not as potent, but it’s a great option for sensitive skin.

OPT FOR PROTECTIVE PACKAGING

Like all skincare products, vitamin C has a shelf life. Since it’s so delicate, it’s all the more important to get packaging that will make the vitamin C last longer. Heat, light, and air can all cause vitamin C to oxidize and become useless.

PAIR YOUR VITAMIN C SERUM WITH A DERM-GRADE RETINOID

Vitamin C and retinoids are powerful skincare ingredients to fight photoaging, hyperpigmentation, and premature collagen degradation. This effective pair is your base for healthier skin. Since we’ve talked about how you can use vitamin C with retinols and retinoids, let’s take a look at “Night Shift” and its amazing impact.
Night Shift is a prescription-grade retinoid serum tailored to your skin by a certified provider online. You get the convenience of an online doctor’s consult without the cost of an in-person visit.

Night Shift uses tretinoin (aka retinoic acid), the only FDA-approved retinoid for photoaging. It’s 20x more potent than retinol and has over 50 years of research backing up its safety and efficacy.

To get started, share your skin story with our network of dermatology providers. A provider will determine the right tretinoin concentration to help you reach your skin goals. Your tailored retinoid serum will be delivered by mail.

Sensitive skin or retinoid newbie? Your provider can start you gradually on a lower-strength formula. After your skin gets used to the increased skin cell and collagen production, you’ll step up to the concentration ideal for your skin.


Got questions? Skincare can be confusing, and it’s super personal! What works for one person won’t work for everyone. If you have any questions, feel free to email us at support@dearbrightly.com.

Let Your True Color Shine: How to Treat and Prevent Sallow Skin

Does your skin look dull, yellowish, or like it’s been drained of its typical hue? No matter your skin tone, a change in its usual color and appearance can indicate sallow skin.

Dull or yellowish skinSallow skin is commonly known to be the result of certain biological and lifestyle factors, but a lesser-known root cause? Photoaging. Photoaging is the accelerated aging of the skin due to unprotected exposure to UV light from the sun that. It leads to a range of skin conditions, including sallow skin.

While photoaging is a prime instigator of dull sallow skin, it’s not the only culprit. Skin can become muddy or pastysallow for a variety of reasons, and there’s a different solution for each one. With the right information, you can help return your skin to its natural, healthy glow.Avoiding sallow isn’t shallow—it’s making healthy skin a priority.

What is sallow skin? 

It refers to a complexion that appears yellowish, pale or generally lacking in natural, healthy color. The yellowish tint is typically due to an accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. Copy needed.

Can sallow skin be natural?

Yes - as our skin ages, it can naturally appear yellowed, muddy, pasty or otherwise discolored due to years of sun exposure. It’s important to note that some people naturally have a warmer or yellowish undertone to their skin, and this doesn't necessarily indicate a health concern. Factors such as melanin distribution, the thickness of the skin, and the presence of certain pigments contribute to variations in skin color. Sudden or drastic changes in skin tone, however, can be a sign of an underlying condition.

SIGNS OF SALLOW SKIN

You’ll know if your skin is sallow if it’s lacking its normal, natural complexion. The main symptoms to look out for are a change in color, radiance, and smoothness. Essentially, your sallow skin looks noticeably less healthy than before. Here are three key signs: These are the signs that you have sallow skin:

What causes sallow skin?CAUSES OF SALLOW SKIN

There are a range of factors that lead to sallow skin—both those you can and cannot control. What you can prepare for is how you either responsively treat or proactively prevent it.sallow skin, and eEach cause of sallow skin has its own unique solution.

1. PHOTOAGING

Photoaging is the medical term for what happens to sun-damaged skin. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun over time prematurely ages the skin, so this is a type of aging independent from merely growing older. Photoaging shows up in a variety of ways, including fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, rough skin texture, and yes, sallow skin.

According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, yellowish, muddy skinsallow skin is a clinical sign of photoaging1. Because anyone can experience photoaging regardless of skin tone or race, no one is immune to it. It affects all skin types.

The good news is there are concrete, proven ways to mitigate photoaging.

Treatment plan: Prevention with skincare

In addition to many other benefits, retinoids (vitamin A derivatives like tretinoin and retinol) help protect the skin from sun damage, so they’re good options if you or your doctor suspects photoaging could be the cause of your discolored or dulled sallow skin. Tretinoin, the active ingredient in Night Shift, is a powerful treatment for photodamaged skin. According to a clinical study, it successfully restored sallow skin to its natural color and improved texture and decreased wrinkles2.

 

Using sunscreen and avoiding direct sunlight for extended periods of time are essential in preventing photoaging. Get a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, applying 15 minutes before you go in the sun and every two hours.

 

Antioxidants are another effective tool in preventing photoaging3, including vitamin C and E, among others. Niacinamide, a form of vitamin B3, is a potent skincare treatment that’s gentle on the skin. For skincare purposes, it’s available as a convenient topical solution, delivering antioxidants directly to the skin. Niacinamide is a proven treatment for sallow skin, so this is a very accessible remedy to seek out.

Vitamin C is a protective antioxidant that the skin loves and another powerful tool to combat dulled sallow skin caused by photoaging. The best vitamin C serums also contain vitamin E, doubling their effectiveness4.

What is the best way to implement these preventative skincare treatments on a daily basis? Start with these three key steps to get back your healthy, glowing skin: cleanse, treat, and protect. Let’s break it down specifically for preventing and treating muddy sallow skin. Take note of the frequency and timing of each part of the routine.

2. MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CAUSES

When something is going on internally in the body, like an underlying or preexisting health condition, it often reflects externally—on the skin. These are the top conditions that can lead to a sallow complexion.

Treatment plan: Prevention and responsive remedies

3. LIFESTYLE CAUSES

Circumstances, habits, behaviors, and other complexities of human nature can affect our skin. The following lifestyle factors can lead to discolored sallow skin.

Treatment plan: Prevention and responsive remedies

How To Brighten Sallow SkinTAKE ACTION TO TACKLE SALLOW SKIN

Sallow skin has many opportunities to show up. Regardless of the reason your skin has turned sallow, a combination of preventative and responsive treatments will bring the life—and natural color—back to your skin.

Specifically when it comes to a skincare routine, start treatments we outlined above gradually to give your skin a chance to adapt to your new skincare products. Stop using anything that irritates your skin, and talk to your derm to tweak your routine for your skin.

Ready to start your skin journey?

The most effective retinoid can't be store bought. Get it tailored and delivered to you by doctors online.

Skincare can be confusing, but we’re here to help! Feel free to email us if you have any questions.

Product Suggestions

Night Shift

Retinoids like tretinoin have several benefits, including protecting the skin from sun damage and brightening damaged skin. If you or your healthcare provider think that sun-related aging might be causing your sallow skin, Night Shift is a powerful treatment option. 

Liquid Cloak

Packed with Vitamin C and E to increase skin health, Liquid Cloak protects and restores skin from sun exposure. It also helps fight off vitamin deficiencies that can yellow skin and worsen health conditions. Use in tandem with Night Shift for full skin care benefits.

NeverSkip Tinted

As the saying goes, the best treatment is prevention. Starting each day with a full coverage sunscreen like NeverSkip Tinted is crucial to avoiding any additional photoaging. This tinted sunscreen applies smoothly without a white cast while protecting your skin from UVA and UVB rays. 

Pandel, R. et al. (2013, September 12). Skin photoaging and the role of antioxidants in its prevention. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789494/

Weiss, J. S., et al. (1991, January). Tretinoin treatment of photodamaged skin. cosmesis through medical therapy. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2022089/

Pandel, R., et al. (2013, September 12). Skin photoaging and the role of antioxidants in its prevention. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789494/

Lin, F., & Et al. (2005, October 1). Ferulic Acid Stabilizes a Solution of Vitamins C and E and Doubles its Photoprotection of Skin. Retrieved from https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)32491-X/fulltext

Thomas, B. C.; et al. (2014, July). Nicotinamide enhances repair of ultraviolet radiation-induced dna damage in primary melanocytes. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24798949/

Antiaging bionic and polyhydroxy acids reduce nonenzymatic protein glycation and skin sallowness. (2014, May 1). Retrieved from https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(14)00094-2/fulltext

Levin, J., DO, & Momin, S., DO. (2010, February). How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients? Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921764/

Antiaging bionic and polyhydroxy acids reduce nonenzymatic protein glycation and skin sallowness. (2014, May 1). Retrieved from https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(14)00094-2/fulltext

    Adapalene vs Tretinoin: Which is Right for Your Skin?

    If you geek out on the SkincareAddiction subreddit, you’ve probably seen the topic of adapalene vs. Tretinoin pop up a number of times. Both are derivatives of vitamin A known as topical retinoids. So there are, understandably, questions about which active ingredient is best for different skin concerns.

    Adapalene (also known under the brand name Differin) and Tretinoin (what is Tretinoin?) also known as retinoic acid) both fight acne, but Tretinoin also treats premature skin aging. Use adapalene if acne is your main problem and you want to experience less irritation. But if you want to improve your skin’s tone, texture, and appearance, go with Tretinoin.


    Night Shift is a dermatologist-formulated Tretinoin prescription online. This unique serum is tailored to your skin type by doctors online. To ease the irritation that comes with starting a Tretinoin treatment, your doctor may start you at a lower strength. As your skin gets used to it, you’ll ramp up to the concentration that’s ideal for your skin.

    TRY NIGHT SHIFT

    ADAPALENE VS TRETINOIN: WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

    The primary difference between adapalene and Tretinoin is that adapalene has mostly been studied for treating acne, while Tretinoin has also been proved through multiple studies to prevent and improve premature skin aging.

    You will get an effective acne treatment with both adapalene and Tretinoin but will probably see faster improvement with Tretinoin. Everyone’s skin is different, so you might see different results. Keep listening to your skin, and talk to your derm about any concerns.

    In clinical trials comparing adapalene vsand Tretinoin, both ingredients have been equally effective at fighting acne. Patients find adapalene gel less irritating, but one study found more rapid acne improvement with Tretinoin gel.

    Both Tretinoin and adapalene can be prescribed by your dermatologist, but low-strength adapalene can also be purchased over the counter (OTC). Even if you only need a low-strength product, we always recommend talking to your derm. By looking at your skin and talking to you about your goals, they can make sure you’re using the right product at the right strength for your skin. Plus, your doctor can consider these active ingredients alongside any other medications and supplements you use and offer advice if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, to make sure you’re using these ingredients safely.

    Both can have temporary side effects, such as irritation, peeling, and skin purging as your skin gets used to your new skincare routine. So no matter which active ingredient you choose, ramp up slowly to decrease the intensity of these side effects.

    WHAT IS THE PRICE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADAPALENE AND TRETINOIN?

    The price difference between adapalene and Tretinoin varies based on factors like brand, formulation, and strength. Generally, adapalene tends to be more affordable than Tretinoin because it’s readily available over-the-counter. Tretinoin, on the other hand, is often prescribed and dosed precisely according to your skin needs.

    ARE ALL TRETINOIN OR ADAPALENE FORMULATIONS SIMILAR?

    No, not all Tretinoin or adapalene formulations are similar. Both Tretinoin and adapalene are retinoids but they differ in terms of their structures and formulations. Tretinoin is available in various concentrations and formulations, including creams, gels, and solutions, with strengths ranging from 0.025% to 0.1%. We personally prefer Tretinoin cream benefits. Adapalene, on the other hand, is also offered in different concentrations but is generally only available in lower strengths. 

    THE ADDED BENEFITS OF TRETINOIN

    While adapalene and Tretinoin treat acne successfully, if you’re comparing adapalene vs Tretinoin, consider that adapalene has not been studied enough for other potential skin benefits. If you want to go beyond acne treatment, Tretinoin is FDA-approved for both acne and photoaging (aka skin damage due to sun exposure, which can lead to skin cancer). Tretinoin has been proved to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, minimize pores, make skin smoother, and improve pigmentation distribution.

    IMPROVE THE APPEARANCE OF FINE LINES AND WRINKLES

    Tretinoin offers a great solution on how to restore collagen in the face. By accelerating the production of collagen, Tretinoin minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Because the skin is 80% collagen, it’s worth having Tretinoin in your skincare routine to maintain collagen health.

    Collagen provides a flexible, supple support network to the skin. Collagen production in the skin drops by about 1% every year after the age of 20, which is what leads to wrinkles. In using Tretinoin, one study found that collagen in the skin increased by up to 80%.

    MINIMIZE PORES

    Tretinoin makes pores look smaller by clearing the oil, dirt, and dead skin cells that build up in enlarged pores. When you clear pore buildup and increase cell turnover with Tretinoin, the pores become less visible.

    To reduce buildup in the first place, also check your skincare and makeup products for comedogenic ingredients. These are pore-blocking ingredients that can cause blackheads and enlarged pores. Some common comedogenic ingredients include oils (like almond oil, coconut oil, and palm oil), beeswax, and alcohols (like cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol), among dozens more.

    MAKE SKIN SMOOTHER

    Tretinoin makes skin smoother by reducing the layer of dead skin cells — the same thing you get from exfoliation — and increasing glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). This is yet another area where, in comparing adapalene vs Tretinoin, adapalene doesn’t even compete.

    GAGs attract water molecules, keeping connective tissue hydrated. They play a key role in skin-cell health, preventing dry skin and making it firmer and more elastic, so it looks and feels smoother.

    LIGHTEN DARK SPOTS

    Melanin is a natural pigment that determines your skin, hair, and eye color. When melanin isn’t dispersed evenly, it leads to hyperpigmentation, or uneven skin tone. It shows up as melasma, freckles, and dark spots. Hyperpigmentation can happen with sun exposure, age, skin injuries, hormonal changes, disease, and medications.

    Tretinoin disperses melanin granules, making skin pigmentation more even. By using Tretinoin for 40 weeks, Black patients experienced a 40% lightening of dark spots due to postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. In a separate study, Tretinoin lightened photoaging dark spots for 90% of Chinese and Japanese patients.

    How To Make The Right Choice: Adapalene vs TretinoinWHICH ONE SHOULD I USE?

    If acne is your only concern, adapalene can improve your acne with less irritation. If you want to go beyond fighting acne and improve skin texture, tone, and appearance, Tretinoin is your best bet. Tretinoin is the only FDA-approved retinoid to prevent and treat photoaging.

    While you can get low-strength adapalene OTC, it can be hard to figure out the right formulation for your skin and how to integrate it into your routine alongside your other products, supplements, medications, and other factors. So we recommend talking to your derm to get the right concentration for your skin.

    When you look at adapalene vs Tretinoin in the sensitivity department, they’re pretty equal. Sensitivity to adapalene and Tretinoin can be minimized by listening to your skin, reducing frequency if needed to let your skin adapt, and applying sunscreen lotion with an SPF of 30 or higher. And, of course, finding a good moisturizer to use with Tretinoin and applying sunscreen lotion with an SPF of 30 or higher.

    Remember: Results take time. It can take weeks to months to reach your skin goals, but most people start seeing a difference with either product at four to six weeks. Everyone’s skin is unique, and individual results may vary, so keep checking in with your derm on how it’s going so they can adjust your treatment plan as needed.

    GET DERM-GRADE TRETINOIN DELIVERED WITH NIGHT SHIFT.

    The most effective retinoid can’t be store-bought. Tretinoin is the only FDA-approved retinoid for photoaging and has over 50 years of research to prove its long-term safety and efficacy. Night Shift is a dermatology-grade, tailored Tretinoin serum that comes with an online doctor’s consultation. It’s easier than ever to get healthy, glowy skin.

    Here’s how it works: Share your skin story online. A provider will evaluate your Skin Profile and write a prescription for the right concentration of Tretinoin for your skin, if applicable. Your customized retinoid serum will be delivered by mail. With Dear Brightly, you get the convenience of a doctor’s consult online without the cost of an in-person consult.

    Sensitive skin? Retinoid newbie? Your provider may start you on a starter strength to ease you onto Tretinoin. This will give your skin a chance to adapt to the increase in skin-cell production and minimize irritation.

    Night Shift is formulated with hyaluronic acid to draw in moisture and reduce the temporary dryness and irritation that can occur when you start to use Tretinoin. It’s cruelty-free, paraben-free, and fragrance-free, so you can feel good about using it.

    What is Tretinoin? The Ultimate Guide to this Topical Retinoid

    QUICK SUMMARY

    Believe the hype but not all the gossip. You may want to dismiss Tretinoin due to the myths you’ve heard or a one-time experience gone wrong (but easily preventable). However, before you do, there are over 50 years of research that has proven that proper use of retinoids is extremely effective at treating photoaging.

    To date, they are one of the most well-researched and effective topicals for preventative and regenerative measures relating to photoaging. They’ve changed the lives of millions of people by helping them achieve their optimal skin goals. Let’s walk through how that is and what it takes to get started.

    WHAT ARE RETINOIDS?

    Retinoids are the umbrella term for vitamin A and its derivatives. They include dermatologist-grade retinoids (what doctors prescribe), often referred to as simply “retinoids,” and over-the-counter retinoids (what you can get at beauty stores or Amazon), often in the form of “retinol”. If you’re curious about the differences between the terms “retinoid” vs “retinol” vs “retin A” vs “Tretinoin”, go here.

    WHAT IS TRETINOIN?

    Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid, is a dermatologist-grade retinoid cream. It works to stimulate collagen production and increase cell turnover. This, in turn, improves fine lines and wrinkles, pigmentation, enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, and acne. It’s no surprise that Tretinoin has astounded dermatologists as the only FDA-approved retinoid proven to reverse sun damage! With these powerful benefits, it is classified as medication and requires a visit to the dermatologist for a prescription.

    OVER-THE-COUNTER RETINOL CREAM

    Retinol, found in over-the-counter products, is the precursor of retinoic acid, making it 20 times less potent. For your skin to make use of this retinol, it needs to first convert it multiple times before it becomes usable retinoic acid. At that point, your skin doesn’t absorb much of it. Although retinol is said to be more “gentle” than retinoic acid, it’s not nearly as potent as dermatologist-grade retinoids like tretinoin.

    WHAT IS TRETINOIN KNOWN FOR?

    Retinoids, including Tretinoin, increase collagen production and regulate skin cell turnover to help with the prevention and treatment of the following skin concerns:

    WRINKLES

    As you age, collagen matters. Your skin naturally produces less collagen (the structural protein of the skin). With less collagen, your skin becomes less elastic and dryer. Lines and creases appear and your skin becomes thinner and looser. Retinoids prevent and treat wrinkles though by directly stimulating collagen formation and inhibiting collagen breakdown.

    PIGMENTATION

    Freckles, melasma, and dark spots occur because of the overproduction of pigment on our skin. Sun exposure, age, hormonal influences, skin injuries, or inflammation often cause this. Retinoids to the rescue again. They improve these forms of pigmentation on the skin by dispersing and exfoliating melanin granules, which protect skin from sun damage—in the deepest layer of our skin.

    PORES

    Enlarged facial pores are caused by sebum production, photodamage, and hair follicle sizes. Retinoids can help reduce the appearance of enlarged pores by clearing the cellular debris around the pores making their appearance seem smaller.

    UNEVEN SKIN TONE (ROUGH SKIN)

    Rough skin is caused when there’s a buildup of dead skin cells and lack of glycosoaminoglycan (GAG) content in the outermost layer of the epidermis. What happens is collagen and elastin fibers retain moisture, giving you a rough and uneven skin tone you don’t want. Retinoids can improve rough skin by reducing the outer layer of dead skin cells and increasing the presence of GAG.

    ACNE

    Acne can be classified into 2 types: noninflammatory—which is characterized by comedones, and inflammatory—which predominantly consists of papules and pustules. Microcomedones are the precursors of both inflammatory and noninflammatory acne. Retinoids work by decreasing microcomedones and comedones, thereby primarily decreasing noninflammatory acne and causing some reduction of inflammatory acne.

    HOW TO USE TRETINOIN

     

    DD RETINOIDS TO YOUR NIGHTTIME ROUTINE

    Note: Only apply retinoids at night. If you’re new to retinoids or starting on a higher strength, apply retinoids every third night and gradually increase to nightly as tolerated.

    1. Wash your face and dry it completely.
    2. Apply a pea-sized amount of your retinoid onto your finger.
    3. Dab your retinoid onto your forehead, cheeks, and chin before smoothing it around.
    4. Moisturize to prevent dryness, ideally one that’s designed to work with your retinoids.
    5. Sleep tight and let the retinoids get to work.

    Pretty simple. Just another cream for your face. But retinoids actually do something.

    PRODUCTS TO AVOID WHEN USING RETINOIDS

    Benzoyl peroxide is known to decrease the stability of your retinoid. If you use it, benzoyl peroxide and other topical antibiotics should be applied in the AM and your retinoid applied in the PM.

    Avoid unnecessarily abrasive cleansers (e.g., face wash with glycolic or AHA/BHA acids). They can make the skin more sensitive by damaging the epidermal barrier. 

    WHO SHOULD AND SHOULDN’T USE RETINOIDS

    SHOULD

    Dermatologists say you can start using retinoids as early as your 20’s for preventative and regenerative photoaging measures. To put it simply, if you do see wrinkles, pigmentation, etc., then it’s not a bad idea to start now. And even if you don’t see these skin concerns, getting started on a retinoid regimen will help you achieve and maintain optimal, healthy skin. Once you know what Tretinoin is, it’s easy to see the benefits.

    SHOULDN’T

    There is no age restriction for using retinoids, but they are not recommended for children under the age of 13.

    You may have seen warning labels such as “Do not use if pregnant or nursing” on dermatologist-grade or over-the-counter product labels. There actually is no research that proves topical retinoids are unsafe but it’s also not proven that they are 100% safe for pregnant or nursing women. No one wants to risk testing on this group. So if you’re pregnant or nursing, to be on the safe side, you shouldn’t use a retinoid.

    SIDE EFFECTS AND HOW TO PREVENT THEM

    Good news! Side effects can be prevented or greatly minimized with great instructions and proper use, which is why we provide our customers with detailed instructions when they order from Dear Brightly. Here are some common side effects associated with retinoid use:

    Important note: Over the past 50+ years, no systemic side effects or risks on the long-term treatment of topical retinoids have been observed. It’s why they’re widely prescribed.

    HERE’S THE POINT: USE AN APPROPRIATE STRENGTH LEVEL

    There’s this misconception that the higher the strength, the more effective. Wrong. Everyone’s skin is different. Depending on your skin type and retinoid history (whether you’re a newbie or veteran user), you want a strength level that is best suited for your skin. This will help you get the best results and experience over time.

    1. A medical provider should always evaluate your skin. Their medical background allows them to determine an appropriate strength level. At Dear Brightly, we do this through a detailed questionnaire you complete online, from the comfort of your home.
    2. Do not use more than a pea-sized amount. What is Tretinoin’s best amount? Using more than a pea-sized amount will increase your risk of dryness, irritation, and redness. It does not increase efficacy. A pea-sized amount is all you need.
    3. Start applying every third night. If your skin is new to retinoids or you’re starting on a higher strength, start off by applying your retinoid every third night. Then gradually increase to nightly as your skin learns to tolerate. Always listen to your skin!
    4. Moisturize. Use a moisturizer right after applying your retinoid to prevent dryness. If that doesn’t do the trick, try applying a moisturizer before your retinoid.
    5. Use sunscreen. At first, retinoids can make your skin more sensitive to the sun, but after a few months, your skin’s response to UV rays will return to normal. Always make sure to apply SPF 30+ daily (important regardless to prevent photoaging).

    RETINOID MYTHS

    You may have heard some myths about retinoids. If not, you eventually will. With the help of our dermatologists, we’ve demystified the most common retinoid rumors once and for all.

    RETINOIDS THIN YOUR SKIN

    They actually do the opposite. They thicken your skin. While they decrease the layer of dead skin cells on the surface of your skin, they have been proven to increase collagen production to actually thicken your skin.

    RETINOIDS INCREASE SUNBURN AND THEREBY CAUSE SKIN CANCER

    Studies have shown that retinoids do not make you more prone to sunburn and do not cause skin cancer. But as a side note, always wear your sunscreen.

    The myths don’t stop there. Read more myths here.

    DO RETINOIDS WORK FOR MY SKIN TYPE? AND HOW DO I GET STARTED?

    The short answer: YES. Retinoids are safe for everyone, although if you’re under the age of 13, pregnant, or nursing, comprehensive testing can’t be confidently performed. If your skin type is sensitive, you may be tempted to reach for retinol as a “gentler” alternative. As stated above, that’s only due to its low-level absorbency. Instead, find a formula made for you without sacrificing results because the best skincare products are the ones tailored to your skin type and its needs.

    Enjoy your beautiful, healthy skin. Skip over-the-counter products that lack the scientific backing and test of time. If you really want to see what is Tretinoin, and what it can do, check out our before and after blog to see the transformative experiences our customers have experienced. With Dear Brightly, you skip having to go to the dermatologist in-person. Get an online consultation with a provider — within minutes.

    What to Expect: Tretinoin Cream Benefits and Side Effects

    You’ve heard people rave about topical retinoids like Tretinoin, done the research, and now think you’re ready to try them. You also already know they’re the most effective treatment for photoaging that exists. However, with all the information out there, you’re still curious as to what you can expect. Here are exactly the benefits and possible side effects of Tretinoin to expect as you embark on your skin-changing journey.

    HOW TO USE

    When you’re first starting your retinoid regimen or higher strength formulation than you’re used to, apply every third night initially. Listen to your skin as it tolerates the retinoid and gradually increase to nightly. After washing and drying your face completely, gently massage your retinoid onto your skin and follow with a moisturizer, preferably one that’s designed to work with your retinoid.

    WHAT TO EXPECT: TRETINOIN CREAM BENEFITS

    The benefits of retinoids like Tretinoin cream are vast (think clearer, brighter, and smoother skin) and long-term use and consistency are key. In the first couple of weeks, you might experience some temporary irritation or existing acne coming to the surface faster. Fear not, you’ll start to see noticeable results after 6 weeks of consistent use, but don’t stop there. After 6+ months of retinoid use, long-term benefits include tightening and thickening of the skin. This results in a major reduction of fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, enlarged pores, and uneven skin tone. 

    2-4 WEEKS

    It’s not uncommon to experience slight irritation like peeling and dryness or sensitivity as your skin adjusts. If you’re prone to acne, you may also experience “purging”, which is when existing acne buildup surfaces faster due to increased cell turnover. All of this means your skin is going through a process called “retinization.” These side effects of Tretinoin are often totally temporary and can be greatly minimized with proper care.

    MINIMIZING SIDE EFFECTS 

    A little goes a long way when it comes to retinoid application. Use only a pea-sized amount of the retinoid recommended by your provider. Overusing the product won't expedite the process and may, in fact, lead to more irritation. The focus should be on consistency rather than quantity. A modest amount of product ensures that your skin can benefit from the retinoid's transformative power without overwhelming it.

    It's vital to be aware that retinoids can temporarily heighten your skin's sensitivity to the sun. While this sensitivity normalizes after a few months of use, it's crucial never to neglect sun protection. Sunscreen should be a non-negotiable component of your daily skincare regimen. Harmful UV rays are the primary culprits behind photoaging, and protecting your skin from further damage is integral to achieving your best results. Think of SPF as a seamless continuation of your skincare routine, providing a protective shield that safeguards your skin's newfound radiance and health. By embracing this practice, you're not only enhancing the effects of your retinoids but also taking a proactive step towards long-term skin health.

    4-6 WEEKS

    At this point, your skin has built some tolerance, and you can increase the frequency of your application to unlock more Tretinoin cream benefits. One of the most rewarding aspects of this phase is the visible improvements you'll notice. Your skin should now be showing signs of transformation. It will appear clearer, more radiant, and remarkably smoother. The exfoliating effects of Tretinoin will have removed dead skin cells, revealing a more even skin tone and texture. What's even more exciting is that you may observe a reduction in skin discoloration, whether it be those pesky dark spots or uneven pigmentation. These changes are a testament to the remarkable power of Tretinoin in revitalizing your skin.

    As you observe these positive changes in your skin, it's essential to continue your Tretinoin journey with enthusiasm and consistency. The improvements you see at this stage are just the beginning. Think of it as an ongoing party for your skin, where the guest of honor is a revitalized and rejuvenated complexion. Your skin will continue to thank you for the care and devotion you invest in it.

    8-12 WEEKS  

    By the time you reach the 3-month milestone, your skin's texture will likely be unrecognizable. The powerful exfoliating action of Tretinoin cream is a key benefit and will have revealed a smoother, more refined texture. The rough patches that may have characterized your skin in the beginning will be a distant memory, replaced by a surface that's silky to the touch.

    Beyond the changes you can readily see, there's an even more significant transformation occurring beneath the surface. The deeper layers of your skin are starting to thicken, enhancing the overall quality of your skin and fortifying your skin's inner structure for long-lasting improvements.

    By this stage, you'll likely observe that the signs of sun damage are gradually lightening up. Those bothersome age spots, dark patches, and uneven pigmentation that once marred your complexion are fading, making way for a more balanced and youthful appearance.

    Your diligent use of Tretinoin is also making a visible impact on the appearance of your pores and fine lines. Enlarged pores are diminishing in size and fine lines are gradually becoming less pronounced. Tretinoin's collagen-boosting effect is beginning to manifest, and the results are becoming more evident as time goes on.

    It's essential to remember that the benefits of Tretinoin don't plateau at this point. The journey continues, and so do the rewards. The Tretinoin journey is about continuous improvement, so don’t quit while you’re ahead! 

    6+ MONTHS AND BEYOND

    The remarkable impact of Tretinoin on your skin's health and appearance becomes most pronounced at this point. Beyond just surface improvements, you'll notice a palpable tightening and thickening of your skin. Your skin will feel more robust, firm, and resilient.

    One of the most celebrated benefits of Tretinoin cream is its capacity to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. By the time you've crossed the six-month threshold, you'll likely observe a significant reduction in the visibility of these age-related skin concerns. The consistent use of Tretinoin has a transformative effect, smoothing out fine lines and diminishing the depth of wrinkles. Your complexion becomes a testament to the power of Tretinoin in reversing the signs of time.

    Tretinoin continues to work diligently in addressing hyperpigmentation, which can mar the evenness of your skin tone. Dark spots, age spots, and uneven pigmentation gradually fade, resulting in a more balanced and harmonious complexion. Your skin tone becomes more uniform, contributing to a youthful and radiant appearance.

    It's important to understand that the journey with Tretinoin is not just about addressing existing concerns; it's also a proactive approach to prevent future photoaging. By continuing to use Tretinoin, you're investing in the long-term health and resilience of your skin. The collagen-boosting effects persist, and this ongoing support helps in maintaining a youthful appearance. The natural brightening effect of Tretinoin remains constant, providing your skin with a vibrant and healthy glow.

    Tretinoin is a powerful tool in the arsenal of skincare, offering a multitude of benefits, from improving skin texture to reducing the signs of aging. While the journey might have its ups and downs in the initial stages, with the right care and patience, your skin will thank you in the long run. So, if you're considering embarking on the Tretinoin journey, know that the path may be challenging at times, but the results will be well worth the effort and dedication you put into it. Remember that achieving and maintaining your healthy, naturally glowing skin is an achievable goal with Tretinoin cream and its benefits.

    How long does it take for it to work and how often to use Tretinoin?

    Great question and the most commonly asked by derm-grade retinoid users (and soon-to-be users :))! Read below to find out how long it takes for Tretinoin to work.

    Most people start to see the benefit of daily derm-grade retinoid use around 6 weeks. If used every 2-3 days, then it would take around 10 weeks to see.  If only used once weekly, it may take up to 3 months to start seeing results.  

    FIRST 2 – 4 WEEKS

    For the first 2-4 weeks of retinoid use, your skin is undergoing many changes. Dry, rough skin cells are being exfoliated, oil glands are shrinking, collagen is remodeling. A whole host of skin proteins and enzymes are being activated. You may experience mild dryness or flaking or even a slight uptick in acne, all of which resolve quickly with continued use of the product. Patience is the name of the game here and great results take time as the skin acclimates to the retinoid.

    AFTER 4 – 6 WEEKS

    After 4-6 weeks, your skin will get used to Tretinoin and will begin to be noticeably smoother and more even. Depending on how often you use Tretinoin, you may begin to see full benefits by this point. A lot of the initial irritation will settle down and true “retinization” of your skin is in full force. 

    AFTER 12 WEEKS

    A turning point in the process happens around 12 weeks. If you were to put your skin under a microscope, which is actually done in skin studies, you would see a new zone of actively repairing collagen that stretches the skin taut and reduces fine lines. Individual skin cells appear more organized and oil glands and pores are smaller. 

    AFTER 6 MONTHS

    At 6 months, your skin continues to improve with new collagen in place and fresh blood vessels to bring in skin nutrients. Looking at your skin, it would appear more smooth and firm.

    AFTER ONE YEAR AND BEYOND

    At a year, your skin continues to maintain new collagen and smaller pores, in addition to continued improvement in tone and pigment due to a decrease in melanin synthesis.

    Many wonder if the benefits of Tretinoin persist long term. The answer is yes, Tretinoin use benefits the skin in the long run, but that requires persistent and ongoing Tretinoin use. Your skin turns over in about a month, so if Tretinoin use is stopped for a month or more, your skin will again take time to acclimate to the product. The benefits of Tretinoin will persist for longer than a month but will not be sustained without continued use. How often you use Tretinoin will also impact sustained benefits.

    Tretinoin use is one part of a skin system, but for some who already have had significant sun exposure or other skin conditions, the skin can still develop fine lines and wrinkles. Consistent retinoid use, however, can help slow down this process and promote healthy skin. To read more about Tretinoin, read our ultimate guide to Tretinoin. To see the amazing transformative power of this retinoid, check out our before and after blog post.

    Uneven Skin Tone? Here’s Your Guide to a Smooth Complexion

    Every day, our skin is bombarded with dust, pollution, and radiation from the sun, which all lead to uneven skin tone. And none of this is going anywhere, so if you want even skin tone, you need to do more than one-time spot treatments. You’ll want to adopt a preventive skincare routine to maintain that silky smooth complexion.

    For your preventive base, we’re talking sunscreen, lotion, and, of course, a daily face wash. Gentle chemical exfoliant like retinoids can be part of both treatment and prevention to keep skin pigment even. And ingredients like vitamin C and niacinamide can halt overactive pigment production while protecting against sun damage.

    We got the lowdown on everything you need to know to get an even skin tone from board-certified dermatologists Dr. Sheila Krishna and Dr. Lana Kashlan.

    What is uneven skin tone?

    Usually, when people talk about uneven skin tone, they’re referring to hyperpigmentationan increase in melanin production that creates flat brown spots or patches on the skin that are darker than your usual complexion. Melanin is a natural pigment that is responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. It protects against UV light and even acts as an antioxidant to prevent damage from oxidative stress. While melanin itself is perfectly natural and healthy, when it’s overproduced, skin can look patchy and spotty — which can be a sign of increased risk for skin cancer from sun exposure.

    Certain skin conditions like broken capillaries and rosacea can make the skin appear redder than usual, but those don’t have to do with melanin production and so require different approaches.

    What causes uneven skin tone?

    Anyone can experience uneven skin tone, but the culprit can be different from person to person.

    Sun exposure

    Unprotected sun exposure can lead to sun spots—which, Dr. Krishna tells us, is the most common cause of uneven skin tone. The skin responds to the sun by producing more melanin as protection from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. Melanin can’t fight the battle against sunburns and sun spots on its own though.

    Anyone can get sun spots, but people with fair skin, light hair and eyes, moles, freckles, and a history of skin cancer are more likely to get sun spots and other damage from the sun.

    Sun spots won’t hurt you, and they aren’t the end of the world. But they are a sign of increased risk of skin cancer from the sun’s rays, so it’s worth protecting your skin against sun damage. And it’s never too late to start!

    Air pollution

    Floating particles in the air—smoke, dust, chemicals, and pollutants like carbon dioxide—wreak havoc on your skin. They seep into it and sneakily generate free radicals, which cause a loss of collagen and elastin.

    The best way to put free radicals in check is antioxidants; melanin to the rescue. Melanin’s antioxidant properties1 get rid of these nasty particles and defend your skin’s essential proteins. “Your immune system naturally gets into defense mode, and your skin starts producing excess melanin,” Dr. Krishna tells us. As a result, skin tone becomes uneven.

    Skin inflammation

    Acne, or injuries like cuts, burns, eczema flare-ups, and more, can form scars or dark spots2 called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). “When your skin is going through the healing process,” Dr. Krishna tells us, “our natural protector, melanin, gets triggered.”

    PIH can affect all skin types but happens more often in darker skin tones3.

    Hormonal changes

    Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation caused by hormonal changes. People who are pregnant, on a contraceptive, or are receiving hormone therapy can all experience melasma. The root cause of hormonal changes can vary from person to person, so it might take you longer to find the right treatment plan.

    If there’s a chance you have a hormone imbalance, your dermatologist might recommend that you also see your primary care doctor to address any underlying hormone issues.

    Hormones are super personalized, so chat with your dermatologist to find the best treatment for your hyperpigmentation if you have melasma.

    What is the best treatment for uneven skin tone?

    First things first: talk to your dermatologist before choosing a treatment.

    “Uneven skin tone can mean a lot of different things,” says Dr. Kashlan, “Sometimes it’s related to environment, sometimes it’s related to genetics, sometimes it’s related to hormonal changes. So I really recommend that someone seek out the guidance of a dermatologist first.” That will rule out any underlying medical causes.

    A patchy complexion is generally harmless, but there are several treatments to consider as you talk to your dermatologist if you want smoother-looking skin.

    Gentle chemical exfoliators

    Keep your coffee grounds and sugar at the breakfast table. Facial scrubs don’t guarantee even exfoliation and really only deal with the surface of the skin. Plus, Dr. Krishna warns that physical exfoliants can “irritate the skin, cause more oil production, or even leave scars and marks on the skin.” That’s the opposite of what you want when treating uneven skin tone.

    Chemical exfoliants like retinoids, salicylic acid, or glycolic acid get absorbed and work their magic at a deeper level. You can guarantee more even exfoliation because you’re spreading the serum over your whole face.

    Dr. Kashlan tells us that these skincare actives help disperse the melanin that’s “clumping together under the skin surface causing the discoloration.”

    As far as retinoids go, we’re huge fans of tretinoin. Besides evening skin pigmentation, Tretinoin is stellar at reducing fine lines and wrinkles, improving skin texture, and reducing pore size—also making it your skin’s best tool to treat photoaging (i.e., premature skin aging due to repeated sun exposure).

    Tretinoin is:

    This potent retinoid can’t be bought in a store. Night Shift is a dermatologist-formulated tretinoin serum tailored to your skin and prescribed by doctors online, without the cost of an in-person visit.

    Skincare products that inhibit melanin

    Kojic acid, azelaic acid, and licorice extract are great for inhibiting tyrosinase—an enzyme needed to produce melanin. These three often come in a combined formula. They’re great if you want an effective, natural solution. “They are all safe to use during pregnancy, as well,” says Dr. Kashlan. So they’re worth considering if you experience melasma during pregnancy. As always, check with your OB-GYN before starting any treatments.

    Vitamin C is another great tyrosinase inhibitor. Vitamin C also protects against free radicals and promotes collagen production—which makes it great for combating sun damage. Some folks experience dryness with vitamin C serums, which can always be counteracted with a hydrating moisturizer.

    Niacinamide works a little differently to brighten your complexion. Dr. Kashlan says, “Niacinamide actually blocks the transport of melanin from the melanocytes, or the pigment-producing cells, to the keratinocytes, or the skin cells.” Niacinamide is also an antioxidant that prevents UV damage and repairs DNA after sun exposure, making it an ideal ingredient for preventing uneven skin tone.

    Hydroquinone is another skin brightener, but it’s more intense than most people need. It acts as a bleach by decreasing the pigment-producing cells in your skin. It’s often fine for fair skin tones but may worsen dark spots on medium-to-dark skin tones. The FDA has gone back and forth on the safety of this ingredient, and it’s banned in several countries around the world. So talk to your dermatologist before considering this active ingredient.

    Everyone’s skin responds differently to various skincare ingredients, so it might take some trial and error to find what’s best to incorporate into your skincare routine.

    When introducing a new product, start with a low concentration. Test for sensitive skin on a small patch of skin to see how it reacts before covering your whole face in it. And as always, talk to your dermatologist if you’re having trouble achieving your goals or finding the right products for your skin.

    In-office treatments from a dermatologist

    Dr. Kashlan recommends starting with a topical skincare routine to improve uneven skin tone before getting an in-office treatment. After 6-8 weeks, “if you’re still not happy with improvements in the skin tone, then at that point, probably doing an in-office procedure like peeling would make sense.” There are several on the market that are effective for treating uneven skin tone.

    Intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments target and destroy excess pigment cells in dark spots over 3-5 sessions. It generally has few side effects besides minor sensitivity post-treatment.

    Laser resurfacing is more painful but usually only requires one session. It removes the outer layer of skin on dark spots to make way for new skin to grow.

    Chemical peels also remove the outer layer of the skin. Common side effects include redness and irritation.

    Microdermabrasion is typically the most cost-conscious in-office treatment for hyperpigmentation at $100-200 per session. It removes the outer layer of your skin, stimulating new cell growth. Side effects are pretty minor, and most go away in a few hours.

    Talk to your dermatologist to figure out which cosmetic procedure makes the most sense for you.

    How do you prevent uneven skin tone in the future?

    Once you’ve reached your goals, it’s all about maintenance. Use a simple daily skincare routine to keep that even smooth glow.

    Morning skincare routine

    1. Wash away impurities (like pollutants, dirt, and bacteria) that can cause uneven skin tone with a gentle cleanser.
    2. Treat with your favorite serums. Ingredients like vitamin C, niacinamide, salicylic acid, kojic acid, azelaic acid, and licorice extract play well with skin in the morning. But save glycolic acid and retinoids for nighttime, which can make your skin more sensitive in the sun.
    3. Hydrate with a nourishing moisturizer to maintain skin health.
    4. Protect the skin against sun damage with broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher.

    Evening skincare routine

    1. Wash away impurities with a gentle cleanser—even more important after pollutant exposure throughout the day.
    2. Exfoliate with your active of choice. Keep skin pigmentation even with retinoids, glycolic acid, or salicylic acid.
    3. Hydrate with a nourishing moisturizer.

    This is just a base for keeping an even complexion. Your skin is as unique as you are. So continue to experiment with what works for you and stop using a product if it irritates your skin or worsens your uneven skin tone. A dermatologist can help you find less irritating products or prescribe lower concentrations of your actives as needed.

    Got questions? Skincare can be overwhelming, but we’re here to help! Feel free to let us know if you ever have any questions.


    1. El-Naggar, N. & El-Ewasy, S. (2017, February 14). Bioproduction, characterization, anticancer and antioxidant activities of extracellular melanin pigment produced by newly Isolated microbial cell factories Streptomyces glaucescens NEAE-H. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42129
    2. Davis, E., MD & Callender, V., MD (2010, July). Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921758/
    3. Davis, E., MD & Callender, V., MD (2010, July). Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921758/

    What Is Niacinamide? The Lowdown on This Superstar Skincare Ingredient

    iacinamide has taken the world by storm, flaunting a plethora of skin benefits—from smoothing wrinkles and evening skin tone to treating skin conditions like acne, eczema, and rosacea. But is it truly effective or just another fad?

    The truth is, niacinamide has a ton of studies backing up these benefits. And it’s kind of a unicorn of a skincare product: It has a low risk of irritation while still delivering powerful results. Everyone’s skin is different, so whether an ingredient is popular or not, you need to make sure it fits into the right skincare routine for your skin. But it’s worth considering adding niacinamide as a skincare staple. But before you do, you should know its benefits and how to integrate it into your routine for the most impact.

    What is niacinamide?

    Niacinamide (also known as nicotinamide) is a form of vitamin B3 (niacin) and is used as a topical in skincare. It’s a water-soluble vitamin, so our bodies mostly don’t produce niacin on their own. We can convert some tryptophan into niacin1, but primarily, we need to consume vitamin B3 through foods or supplements. Or, in the case of our skin, we can use it as a topical to send the benefits of niacin right where we want them.

    While niacinamide is generally used for skincare, nicotinic acid (the other main form of niacin) is found in food and supplements. When used as a topical, nicotinic acid is more likely to cause irritation and flushed skin2, so you want to avoid that in any vitamin B3 creams or serums. Niacinamide, on the other hand, has a low chance of irritation, so it’s better suited to skincare.

    What are the benefits of niacinamide?

    As a skincare ingredient, niacinamide benefits all skin types. And we are here for it.

    Smooths fine lines and wrinkles

    Niacinamide plays an important role in reducing fine lines and wrinkles.

    Wrinkles in the face are linked to collagen health. Collagen serves as a flexible, supple support network in the skin. When collagen production drops (a natural process of aging) or collagen health isn’t maintained, wrinkles and fine lines form.

    Oxidative stress as we age causes collagen to break down and collagen production to drop3. Niacinamide is an antioxidant, so it’s ideal for counteracting oxidative stress, thereby supporting collagen health. Studies show that niacinamide increases antioxidants in the skin4 and stimulates collagen production. Say goodbye to premature skin aging.

    Repairs the effects of sun damage

    According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, “About 90 percent of nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.” Additionally, “skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States.” So, we need to protect our skin from the harmful effects of UV rays that we’re inevitably exposed to.

    Sunscreen, while important, only provides partial protection from the effects of sunlight5. Niacinamide can prevent UV damage6 and repair DNA7 after sun exposure, making it a great complement to your SPF.

    Eases skin sensitivity

    If you have sensitive skin or if you’re getting used to a new skincare regimen that’s making your skin more sensitive, niacinamide may help reduce redness8 and ease irritation.

    Niacinamide thickens the outer layer of your skin9 (also known as the skin barrier), which provides more protection against irritants.

    So if you’re concerned about skin sensitivity while starting a new skin treatment (such as with retinol or retinoids), adding niacinamide can help counteract some of the side effects as your skin adapts to your new regimen.

    Remedies sallow skin

    Sallow skin, or yellowing of the skin, can be improved with niacinamide. Skin sallowing is due to something called the Maillard reaction, which is one of the oxidative processes that occur in the skin10. It’s a natural process of aging. One study showed that niacinamide significantly reduced sallowness over a 12-week trial11.

    Evens skin pigmentation

    Hyperpigmentation (aka uneven skin tone) shows up as melasma, freckles, or dark spots or patches. Niacinamide can help make skin pigment more even. It works by inhibiting the enzymes involved in melanin production12.

    It’s a comparable treatment for melasma to the more traditional hydroquinone with fewer side effects13. Another study found niacinamide to be effective for decreasing hyperpigmentation in Japanese women14.

    Treats acne

    Treating breakout-prone skin often takes some experimentation to find what works for you. Antibiotics are a crucial part of some treatment plans to keep acne-causing bacteria from returning. Niacinamide has anti-inflammatory properties, so it can take the place of other antibiotics in treating acne.

    Clindamycin is one antibiotic often used in acne treatments, but it has a risk of creating bacterial resistance. In other words, the bacteria on your skin can become resistant to clindamycin and stick around. Niacinamide doesn’t have the risk of creating bacterial resistance, so it’ll continue to fight acne. In comparing niacinamide to clindamycin, one clinical trial found that it was just as effective, if not more, at improving inflammatory acne15.

    Shrinks pores by regulating oil production

    Enlarged pores are caused by the build-up of oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and other debris in the pores. When you reduce build-up, pores can shrink back to their original size. Niacinamide helps by slowing down oil production16, so there’s less build-up.

    What are the side effects of niacinamide?

    Good news: There are virtually no side effects to using this superstar skincare ingredient. Niacinamide is generally non-irritating for most people17, while others will experience a small amount of irritation that will subside with consistent use.

    The higher the concentration, though, the more risk you run of experiencing redness or dermatitis. Most studies have been with formulations of 2–5% niacinamide. So, even though there are serums on the market in the 15–20% range, 5% is plenty to reap the benefits of this amazing active ingredient.

    How to integrate niacinamide into your skincare routine

    While other skincare actives can be delicate, niacinamide is a stable compound. It won’t likely be affected by your other skincare ingredients, light, or oxidation. You can use niacinamide products whenever it’s convenient for you. But there are a couple of reasons you should consider it as part of your nighttime skincare regimen.

    Pop quiz: Remember the relationship between niacinamide and UV rays? Niacinamide can repair DNA and prevent UV damage after sun exposure. So it’s ideal for nourishing your skin at the end of the day.

    It’s commonly thought that niacinamide and vitamin C don’t mix, but that could be a myth. Beauty publication Byrdie interviewed cosmetic chemist Perry Romanowski on the matter. He says those claims are based on outdated research. So if you want to use niacinamide and vitamin C at the same time, the two are unlikely to have an adverse reaction. Regardless, vitamin C is better suited to your morning routine to prep your skin for UV exposure.

    As always, start slow and with a low concentration to see how your skin reacts. Some people start seeing results in as little as two weeks, but it could take 8–12 weeks to see significant results.

    What to look for in a niacinamide serum

    You can get niacinamide as a stand-alone serum or get a moisturizing cream with niacinamide in it. But we always recommend getting a serum separate from your lotions and other actives. By separating your actives, you can get the right concentration of each for your skin. Plus, by having a neutral moisturizer, you can use it as needed without worrying if you’re using your actives too frequently.

    Most studies have been done with concentrations of 2–5% niacinamide, so you really don’t need anything above that to get the benefits. 10% is a pretty common concentration, but if you have sensitive skin, you might want to start lower with a lower strength. At 15% or higher, you’re more likely to get irritated skin.

    Niacinamide and retinol (and retinoids)

    Niacinamide also plays well with retinoids. Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives like retinol and tretinoin that treat photoaging. When starting a new retinol or retinoid treatment, it’s not uncommon to have slight irritation and dryness as your skin adapts. By adding niacinamide to your regimen, you can lessen irritation and dry skin18 vs. using retinol or derm-grade retinoids alone.

    Apply niacinamide after your cleanser and before your retinoid serum as part of your nighttime skincare routine. This will give the outer layer of your skin a protective barrier, but the retinoids will still be able to permeate your pores where they can work their magic.

    By using retinoids and niacinamide together, you can fast-track your way to healthier, smoother skin. This combo complements each other by tackling the same problems from different angles. While retinol and derm-grade retinoids clear pore build-up (including oil, dead skin cells, and comedogenic products), niacinamide reduces oil production. Retinoids fight acne by reducing comedones and microcomedones, while niacinamide helps kill bacteria. And retinoids disperse melanin while niacinamide regulates melanin production. They are the skincare power duo to help you reach your goals with less irritation.

    The derm-grade retinoid to use with niacinamide

    Night Shift is a dermatology-grade retinoid serum custom-tailored to your skin by certified dermatologists. It uses tretinoin—the only FDA-approved retinoid for photoaging—and an ingredient that is 20x more potent than retinol. It’s formulated with hydrating hyaluronic acid to reduce irritation.

    After sharing your skin story, a provider will determine the right concentration of tretinoin for your skin. Then, your tailored retinoid serum will be delivered by mail.

    If you have sensitive skin or are new to retinoids, your provider might give you a starter strength to give your skin a chance to adapt before ramping you up to a higher strength. You get the convenience of a doctor’s consult online without the cost of an in-person consult.

    kincare can be confusing to navigate, so if you have any questions, feel free to reach out. We’re always here to help.


    1. Cherney, K. (2018, August 29). Everything You Should Know About Niacinamide. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/niacinamide
    2. Levin, J., DO, & Momin, S., DO. (2010, February). How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients? Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921764/
    3. Tu, Y., & Quan, T. (2016, August 05). Oxidative stress and human skin connective tissue aging. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/3/3/28
    4. Levin, J., DO, & Momin, S., DO. (2010, February). How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients? Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921764/
    5. Damian, D. (2010, February 08). Photoprotective effects of nicotinamide. Retrieved from https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2010/PP/b9pp00146h#!divAbstract
    6. Damian, D. (2010, February 08). Photoprotective effects of nicotinamide. Retrieved from https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2010/PP/b9pp00146h#!divAbstract
    7. DL;, T. (2014, July). Nicotinamide enhances repair of ultraviolet radiation-induced dna damage in primary melanocytes. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24798949/
    8. Bissett, D. L., et al. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18492135/
    9. Levin, J., DO, & Momin, S., DO. (2010, February). How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients? Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921764/
    10. Levin, J., DO, & Momin, S., DO. (2010, February). How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients? Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921764/
    11. Bissett, D. L., et al. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18492135/
    12. Sarkar, R., & Et al. (2013, January). Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: What is available? Retrieved June 07, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3663177/
    13. Navarrete-Solís, J. et al. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of Niacinamide 4% versus Hydroquinone 4% in the treatment Of melasma. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21822427/
    14. Hakozaki, T., et al. (2002, July). The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12100180/
    15. Shalita, A. R., et al. (1995, June). Topical nicotinamide compared with clindamycin gel in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7657446/
    16. Zoe, D. D., et al. (2006, June). The effect of 2% niacinamide on facial sebum production. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16766489/
    17. International Journal of Toxicology. (2005, September 1). Final report of the safety assessment of Niacinamide and Niacin1. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/10915810500434183
    18. Song, X., et al. (2008, August 01). Nicotinamide attenuates Aquaporin 3 overexpression induced by retinoic acid through inhibition of EGFR/ERK in cultured human Skin keratinocytes. Retrieved from https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/22/2/229/abstract

    Only Five Essentials in this Dermatologist-recommended Skin Care Routine

    While we dermatologists LOVE our skin care products and have a million recommendations of what to use, we also know that there is really only time for a few products in the morning and even fewer in the evening! So, if you care for a minimal effective routine, we will be discussing the 5 skin care essentials in the morning and evening for healthy, happy skin.

    dearbrightly products

    The five essentials

    Cleanser [AM + PM]

    Cleansers can be foams for oily skin, creams for dry skin, or oils/balms for mature skin. Cleansers remove impurities, exfoliate dead skin, and prepare the skin for sunscreen, emollients, serums, makeups, and more. Regularly cleansing the skin reduces your chance of acne, skin irritation, and photoaging. Of course, a good cleanser itself should not irritate the skin and should leave the skin feeling soft and supple.

    For evening, a cleanser is again a must, with particular attention paid to removal of makeup and any other product on the skin. For those who wear heavy makeup or eye makeup, you can use micellar water. It neutralizes oil and product due to the ionized water suspended in drops. After use of this, a regular cleanser can be used.

    Antioxidant [AM]

    Antioxidants are great in the morning to protect skin from photodamage caused by free radicals, which in turn prevents photoaging. Vitamin C (with ferulic acid to stabilize the compound) is a great choice here, as it soaks up free radicals and leaves skin feeling bright and smooth.

    Moisturizer [AM + PM]

    In the morning, you can use a moisturizing containing sunscreen. This is an easy way to combine the two essentials and save time. Just remember all the criteria mentioned below about sunscreens. Consistent moisturizer use protects your skin, reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and allows your skin to handle treatments better.

    Using a moisturizer in the evening helps to set in treatments such as retinoids and serums. You can apply it as a final step in your evening regimen.

    Sunscreen [AM only]

    If there is only one thing you can do in the morning, it should be sunscreen. There are three essential components: an SPF factor, UV range, and waterproof range. An excellent sunscreen must have an SPF over 30, full-spectrum UVA and UVB range (termed “broad spectrum”), and be waterproof for at least 40 minutes.

    SPF stands for “sun protective factor” and is a measure of UVB protection. UVB rays are responsible for DNA damage that can lead to sunburns and increase the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is essential to have sufficient SPF to protect against the risk of skin cancer.

    UVA is critically important in the biology of photoaging. UVA rays also cause DNA damage along with collagen, protein, and pigment damage, all of which contribute to dull, lax, uneven skin associated with photoaging. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against UVA and UVB. Waterproof sunscreen will ensure that the product stays in place even while sweating or being in the water.

    Retinoid [PM only]

    Retinoids are a critical part of the evening regimen. They are vitamin A derivatives that exfoliate, remove oil, reverse photoaging, and normalize tone. The most effective form of retinoid is Tretinoin, which has 50+ years of extensive scientific research behind it. It can be drying, but to counteract this, your evening regimen should finish with a good emollient moisturizer to replenish the skin barrier.

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